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注:
  u-boot
使用的是打上:
http://www.hhcn.com/cgi-bin/topic.cgi?forum=3&topic=651&show=0
keety大侠提供的补丁生成的u-boot-1.1.3


这段时间不断有人问我u-boot启动内核的问题,记得在上次提供的u-boot源码中提到了go的方案,不过其实u-boot本来有一种更好的方案:
bootm
花了不少时间,查看了论坛上不少的帖子,认真阅读了bootm的源码,终于使用bootm把内核给跑起来了,
现把解决方法介绍如下:



一、在开始之前先说明一下bootm相关的东西。

1、首先说明一下,S3C2410架构下的bootm只对sdram中的内核镜像文件进行操作(好像AT91架构提供了一段从flash复制内核镜像的代码,不过针对s3c2410架构就没有这段代码,虽然可以在u-boot下添加这段代码,不过好像这个用处不大),所以请确保你的内核镜像下载到sdram中,或者在bootcmd下把flash中的内核镜像复制到sdram中。

2、-a参数后是内核的运行地址,-e参数后是入口地址。

3、
1)如果我们没用mkimage对内核进行处理的话,那直接把内核下载到0x30008000再运行就行,内核会自解压运行(不过内核运行需要一个tag来传递参数,而这个tag建议是由bootloader提供的,在u-boot下默认是由bootm命令建立的)。
 
2)如果使用mkimage生成内核镜像文件的话,会在内核的前头加上了64byte的信息,供建立tag之用。bootm命令会首先判断bootm xxxx 这个指定的地址xxxx是否与-a指定的加载地址相同。
(1)如果不同的话会从这个地址开始提取出这个64byte的头部,对其进行分析,然后把去掉头部的内核复制到-a指定的load地址中去运行之
(2)如果相同的话那就让其原封不同的放在那,但-e指定的入口地址会推后64byte,以跳过这64byte的头部。


二、好,接着介绍使用mkimage生成镜像文件并下载运行的方法。

方法一、
1、首先,用u-boot/tools/mkimage这个工具为你的内核加上u-boot引导所需要的文件头,具体做法如下:
[root@localhost tftpboot]#mkimage -n 'linux-2.6.14' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008000 -d zImage zImage.img
Image Name:   linux-2.6.14
Created:      Fri Jan 12 17:14:50 2007
Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    1262504 Bytes = 1232.91 kB = 1.20 MB
Load Address: 0x30008000
Entry Point:  0x30008000

这里解释一下参数的意义:
        -A ==> set architecture to 'arch'
        -O ==> set operating system to 'os'
        -T ==> set image type to 'type'
        -C ==> set compression type 'comp'
        -a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)
        -e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)
        -n ==> set image name to 'name'
        -d ==> use image data from 'datafile'
        -x ==> set XIP (execute in place)
 

2 、下载内核
U-Boot 1.1.3 (Jan 12 2007 - 16:16:36)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BAC0  BSS: -> 33F9FBAC
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Nor Flash: 512 kB
Nand Flash:  64 MB
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
sbc2410=>tftp 0x31000000 zImage.img        
TFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128
Filename 'zImage.img'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: #################################################################
        #################################################################
        #################################################################
        ####################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex)


3.运行 

sbc2410=>bootm 0x31000000
## Booting image at 31000000 ...
  Image Name:   linun-2.6.14 
  Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
  Data Size:    1263260 Bytes =  1.2 MB
  Load Address: 30008000
  Entry Point:  30008000
  Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux.............................................................Linux version 2.6.14 (root@luofuchong) (gcc version 3.4.1) #21 Fri Oct 20 17:206CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T)
Machine: SMDK2410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
USB Control, (c) 2006 sbc2410
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: console=ttySAC0 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.115:/frien"irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 62208KB available (1924K code, 529K data, 108K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
softlockup thread 0 started up.
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new driver hub
S3C2410 DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
yaffs Oct 18 2006 12:39:51 Installing.
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
fb1: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
led driver initialized
s3c2410 buttons successfully loaded
s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
usbcore: registered new driver ub
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
eth0: CS8900A rev E at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5B
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000
s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bi)Scanning device for bad blocks
Bad eraseblock 1884 at 0x01d70000
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00020000 : "vivi"
0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"
0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel"
0x00200000-0x04000000 : "root"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
usbcore: registered new driver usbmouse
drivers/usb/input/usbmouse.c: v1.6:USB HID Boot Protocol mouse driver
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
s3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loaded
UDA1341 audio driver initialized
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
TCP reno registered
TCP bic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
IP-Config: Complete:
     device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.128, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1,
    host=luofuchong, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
    bootserver=192.168.1.1, rootserver=192.168.1.115, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.115
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.115
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing init memory: 108K
init started:  BusyBox v1.1.3 (2006.09.20-14:52+0000) multi-call binary
Starting pid 696, console /dev/tts/0: '/etc/init.d/rcS'

Please press Enter to activate this console.



方法二、
1、首先,用u-boot/tools/mkimage这个工具为你的内核加上u-boot引导所需要的文件头,具体做法如下:
[root@localhost tftpboot]#mkimage -n 'linux-2.6.14' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -d zImage zImage.img
Image Name:   linux-2.6.14
Created:      Fri Jan 12 17:14:50 2007
Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:    1262504 Bytes = 1232.91 kB = 1.20 MB
Load Address: 0x30008000
Entry Point:  0x30008040
 

2 、下载内核
U-Boot 1.1.3 (Jan 12 2007 - 16:16:36)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BAC0  BSS: -> 33F9FBAC
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Nor Flash: 512 kB
Nand Flash:  64 MB
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
sbc2410=>tftp 0x30008000 zImage.img        
TFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128
Filename 'zImage.img'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################
        #################################################################
        #################################################################
        ####################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex)


3.运行 

sbc2410=>bootm 0x30008000
## Booting image at 30008000 ...
   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    1261056 Bytes =  1.2 MB
   Load Address: 30008000
   Entry Point:  30008040
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   XIP Kernel Image ... OK


内核启动信息省。。。。


三、固化
       
如果你想把镜像文件写入flash,每次开机后让u-boot帮你复制到sdram中,再使用bootm命令引导的话,可以按照这样操作:
sbc2410=>tftp 0x30008000 zImage.img
TFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128
Filename 'zImage.img'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################
        #################################################################
        #################################################################
        ####################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex)
sbc2410=>nand erase 0x30000 0x1d0000

NAND erase: device 0 offset 196608, size 1900544 ... OK
sbc2410=>nand write 0x30008000 0x30000 0x1d0000

NAND write: device 0 offset 196608, size 1900544 ...  1900544 bytes written: OK

设置u-boot启动命令:
1、针对方法一:
sbc2410=>setenv bootcmd nand read 0x31000000 0x30000 0x1d0000\;bootm 0x31000000
sbc2410=>saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...Writing to Nand... done
2、针对方法二:
sbc2410=>setenv bootcmd nand read 0x30008000 0x30000 0x1d0000\;bootm 0x30008000
sbc2410=>saveenv
Saving Environment to NAND...
Erasing Nand...Writing to Nand... done

sbc2410=>reset
启动信息略。。。。

 

posted on 2007-01-12 23:13 lfc 阅读(47961) 评论(10)  编辑 收藏 引用

评论:
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-04-24 17:11 | caoyi
U-Boot 1.1.1----www.21spacetime.net (Apr 2 2007 - 16:59:45)

U-Boot code: 0C700000 -> 0C72135C BSS: -> 0C755CA8
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 0c000000 8 MB
Bank #1: 0e000000 8 MB
Flash0: 2 MB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
#cy# Booting image at 00050000 ...
#cy# Bad Magic Number
不知道为什么,我按照您的方法做了,还是无法实现bootm自动启动uclinux
我uclinux编译好有三个文件 image.bin linux.rom romfs.img
我是把image.bin文件加入头文件,用您介绍的mkimage的方法。然后下载到flash中或者sdram中,都无法运行
我linux.rom下载到sdram中是可以正常启动的。
如果您方便的话,请指导下,会给点提示。我qq47417879
邮箱 :caoyi41198@sina.com.cn
先谢谢了。  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-04-28 14:11 | caoyi
hfrks3c44b0=>bootm 0xc007000
#cy# Booting image at 0c007000 ...
Image Name: www.srx.com
Created: 2007-04-28 3:23:16 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1464036 Bytes = 1.4 MB
Load Address: 0c008000
Entry Point: 0c008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...
跑到这里就死机了,是不是内核没办法解压啊?
郁闷啊  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-06-17 17:43 | sailing
呵呵,从linuxforum上寻来,发现以前参考的就是你这篇文章啊  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-06-19 11:09 | yuanlii
@caoyi
你的启动部分不太对
bootm 0xc007000的时候,
它会跳过64字节然后将剩余部分复制到Load Address
但是你的bootm地址和Load Address只差了4K
也就是说,从0xc008000开始4K的部分会被破坏掉
当然没有办法解压了
  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-06-20 14:08 | 7 v
smdk2440#bootm 0x30008000
#cy# Booting image at 030008000 ...
Image Name: linux kernel image
Created: 2007-06-19 12:45:45 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (gzip uncompressed)
Data Size: 739030 Bytes = 721.7 MB
Load Address: 31000000
Entry Point: 30008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK

Starting kernel ...

然后就没了,情况和楼上的一样,但我没有犯他的错误啊。怎么回事呢?  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-06-20 15:12 | 7 v
对了,我的镜像文件是uImage  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2007-10-26 17:27 | k_ewell
内核为2.6.17版本,u-boot 1.1.4,编译出zImage后,最后转换为uImage,命令如下:#mkimage -A arm -O linux -C gzip -a 0x20008000 -e 0x20008000 -d linux.bin.gz uImage


烧如到FLASH的命令为

u-boot>protec off 100080000 1037ffff
u-boot>erase 10080000 1037ffff
u-boot>tftp 20000000 uImage
u-boot>cp.b 20000000 10080000
reboot后手动bootm 10080000,最后就停在starting kernel.....界面了

如果#mkimage -A arm -O linux -C gzip -a 0x20008000 -e 0x20008040 -d linux.bin.gz uImage生成的uImage,bootm 10080000则在starting kernel.....后不久会重新开始解压(不是重启板子),然后starting kernel.....,如此循环  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法 2009-09-17 13:27 | Jasmine
hfrks3c44b0=>bootm 0x8c000000
#cy# Booting image at 0x8c000000 ...
Image Name: yuan
Created: 2009-09-19 3:23:16 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1464036 Bytes = 1.4 MB
Load Address: 0x8c000000
Entry Point: 0x8c000000
Verifying Checksum ... OK

reset here...这里就开始重启了。。。
怎么回事呢?欢迎交流Jasmine_yali@hotmail.com  回复  更多评论
  
# re: U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法[未登录] 2009-11-19 14:51 | eric
@Jasmine
Entry Point: 0x8c000000 改成
Entry Point: 0x8c000040   回复  更多评论
  
# staceybrown281@gmail.com 2010-03-04 12:38 | Cheap Dresses
Whoa! Awesome post. I enjoyed reading it! Keep it up! Your post is very informative and factual. :D  回复  更多评论
  
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