高岭的天空 - IT博客

[置顶]10 Best Practices to Be a Successful SAP ABAP Developer

1. Review Business Requirements & Write Functional Specification
The first part of any ABAP development project begin with meeting the end users or business experts and understand the business requirements that need to be implemented in the SAP system during the realization phase. A best approach is to conduct workshops to gather all the business requirements. Make sure that if any SAP function consultants are involved than they are in the meetings as well. After all the business requirements are collected, either a SAP functional consultant or business expert will write a detailed functional specification. Review the functional specification until the document has all the details, different business scenarios and expected goals clearly defined. A well defined functional specification should contain UML diagrams and test case scenarios. It is important to have an official signoff on the functional specification before continuing with design and development.

2. Review ABAP Development Standards
In ideal case, your SAP Project Lead or ABAP Development Manager should have created a programming standards and guidelines document. Review this document so that you follow the naming conventions for function modules, classes, dictionary objects, software components, name spaces and proxies (if using SAP XI / PI), program input/output parameters, etc just to name a few. Following the guideline for the project helps maintain a consistent coding approach and also helps other functional and technical analysts to read and debug your code. ABAP objects naming should begin with Z if it will be migrated to SAP production system and Y if it will not be migrated into the production system.

3. Write and Review Test Cases

The test case documents are written by the business experts or functional SAP consultants in most SAP implementation projects. But on some SAP implementation projects a programmer may be required to write test cases. Before writing a test case review the functional specification document thoroughly and review the written test case with the business users or functional consultants. Get a sign-off as mentioned in most steps in this article. As an ABAP Development Manager for a variety of SAP implementation projects, my goal has been to keep my team motivated and always cover the team against any change of scope on the development tasks. Having a sign-off at each phase of a SAP custom development or enhancement tasks always helps the SAP implementation team and project management team keep in sync which is a vital to complete the SAP implementation in time and budget.

4. Write and Review Technical Design Specifications
Read the functional specification and list all the development objects that would be needed to implement the required functionality in the SAP system. First step is to draw a flowchart and review with technical and business experts. The technical design document should include a technical overview, list of new database objects, ABAP objects that can be reused, a data model and class diagram (if using ABAP OO classes). It is highly recommended to have a rough prototype in the sandbox system (Development system if no SAP sandbox system is available) if the development being done is complex or if the end deliverable is not well defined. You should then review your prototype with functional experts and business users. Make sure that the ABAP Development team lead or manager signs off on the prototype. If effort required to complete the ABAP programming task is not presented and approved by the senior project management then this would be a good time to get the development estimate and timeline approved.

5. Realization of the Specification - ABAP Development
During this step you will be creating development objects and implementing the code in the SAP development system. Before you begin, if prototype was done in the sandbox system then analyze the prototype and design specification. Remember that quality and reusability of existing ABAP objects are more important than strictly following the design specification. Determine which existing dictionary objects can be reused for this topic. If new dictionary objects or classes needs to be created then ensure that these objects can be extended and reused for other development tasks. It may require extra effort to develop objects that are reusable and flexible. This one time effort for building reusable ABAP objects during the course of a development project can potentially save a lot of work for programming similar objects that could otherwise utilize already built objects. Review your approach with an SAP technical team lead or a development manager on your project before deviating from the technical design specification and implementing your own ideas. If you are involved in SAP XI (now Process Integration) related tasks or creating enterprise services then this is the best area where you could reuse existing objects. Review the message types that already exist within your SAP business unit and see if any existing messages can be extended with new fields. Review with the team lead whether the communication should be synchronous or asynchronous before you generate proxies.

6. SAP Development Best Practices
SAP ABAP (or JAVA if working on SAP Netweaver) development best practices should be followed throughout the development lifecycle of the project. Although this aspect depends on your project technical manager, I personally have maintained a checklist for developers in my team on all projects and it has been a tremendous success in delivering high quality output on all development tasks. Here are a few best practices worth adapting in your project. Check whether you adhere to all naming conventions as described in the programming standards set for your implementation project. Include comments in your code to allow someone else to easily understand your programs. This is particularly helpful when you work in large teams and multiple people work with same objects. Ensure that you have check for user authorization if you are building transactions or web user-interfaces that will require human interaction. Check that you do not have ABAP code segments that could take a hit on performance like nested loops, nested select statements (use views if desired), excess database commits (persistent objects or buffering alternatives may be a good option), etc. Field symbols are a great asset when it comes to processing internal tables and also variables with unknown data types that are resolved at runtime. Field symbols are very similar to concept of using pointers in OO programming landscape. Check if all exceptions are handled and error messages are communicated accurately to the end users. As an ABAP programmer it should be well accepted by now that short dumps should not be OK to occur. All these do occur in unknown special case scenarios the short dumps should be fixed.

7. ABAP Code Reviews and Performance
As a ABAP programmer you should test your code upon completion for all possible scenarios. Verify that end results are same as that expected in the documented test cases. Perform ABAP runtime analysis to check for performance of your code. Seek suggestions from your technical team lead or manager on how to improve code performance if you notice any red flags during the runtime analysis. Schedule a formal code review with your mentor or a senior ABAP developer once the development is completed and tested by all responsible developers. Make any revisions and retest your code against the desired output as documented in the test scripts. Remember that code reviews is not to find flaws in your programming but it will only make you a better ABAP developer and maintain consistency.

8. Documentation
Make sure you write an end user documents with overview of the functionality or enhancement upon completion. Include screenshots where possible. Prepare documentation keeping in mind that an end user unfamiliar with your deliverable can read the document and test the functionality. Include contact information in this document for users to easily reach the SAP technical team for any questions.

9. User Acceptance Testing
Now that your ABAP coding is completed and reviewed by technical experts, it is time for the business users to perform a formal user acceptance testing. UAT testers will check whether the output meets business process requirements and suggest any improvements or modifications to the delivered functionality. After completion of these fixes or modifications you should request a formal sign-off on the functionality.

10. Migration to SAP Test System and Production System
Quality assurance engineers will test your functionality in the SAP QA environment to verify that everything is working in your delivered functionality as tested during user acceptance testing. Also any problems in transporting your ABAP objects across SAP systems will be identified and addressed during this step. If no problems are found then your transports will be approved to be migrated to SAP production system in the next transport cycle.

posted @ 2009-04-12 12:47 高岭的天空| 编辑收藏

SAP ABAP 培训测试试卷答案

嘿嘿,别人的考试试卷拿过来看看,你也来测试下吧!

1. 1, At each new event,the system resets all FORMAT options to their default values.

A True B False (A)

2. You can use__________ keyword to scroll to any column or page in the list.

a. PAGESCROLL

b. SCROLL

c. SCROLLCOLUMN

d. LISTSCROLL (b)

3.In a list , the upper-left corner of the header’s first line contains:

A. The program title

B. The page number

C. The system date

D. Nothing ( c)

4.It is recommended that you use Native SQL to read data from a logical database to maintain portability from one RDBMS to another.

A . true b .false ( B)

5. If you address subordinate nodes in the hierarchy, the selection screen criteria for only that subordinate node appears.

A . true B False ( false)

6. Checks such as Authorization checks are usually performed during the event Process Before Output(PBO).

A True B . False (B)

7. If there is a _________________ statement within the END-OF-SELECTION processing block, program processing ends and the list buffer is displayed.

A . REGECT

B. CHECK

C. STOP

D EXIT (C)

8.Open SQL enables portability between different RDBMS system.

A True B False (A)

9. Join conditions are limited to key fields.

A True B False (B)

10. You can create structured lists using control-level processing

A. True B False (A)

11. When implementing control-level processing ,the AT FIRST and AT LAST statements functions as first time and last time switches and execute only once.

A True B False (A)

12. Loops over extract datasets can be nested.

A . True B False (b)

13. internal tables rely on the compiler to determine the combinations of group levels and cumulating field control level totals require.

A true B false (A)

14. Which of the following options is suitable for printing interactive lists?

A. Printing from the selection screen.

B. Printing from within the program

C Printing after the list is generated

D. Printing in the background

B

15.The user should delete all detail lists whose list level is greater than the current list level

A true B false (B)

16 . You can create object at any point in the program to generate and link objects

A true B false (b)

17. Which of the following are the standard functions offered by SAP Grid Control?

A Sorting by any column

B. Generate objects

C. Adding number columns

D Link objects

E Fixed lead columns

( A C E )

18 .when you create a screen, you must:
a. Design the screen layout in the layout editor.
b. Set the general screen attributes on the attribute screen.
c. Write the flow logic in the flow logic editor.
d. Set the field attributes in the field list.
Select the correct order:
A a, b, c, d
B c, d, b, a
C b, a, d, c
D d, b, a, c
C
19. To allow you to set the attributes of all screen elements, the Screen Painter contains an element list with four views.
A TRUE B FALSE b
20. To interrupt processing of the current screen and branch to a new screen, or sequence of screens, you use the following statement:
A CALL SCREEN
B SET SCREEN
C LEAVE SCREEN
D LEAVE TO SCREEN

A
21 The function keys that contain proposals, which comply with the SAP system's ergonomic standards are:
A Reserved
B Recommended
C Freely
D All of the above

B
22. The content of the Icontext attribute appear in the status bar of the screen when the user chooses the function.
A TRUE b FALSE b
23 .ou can initialize the command field only at PAI.
True
False
B

24. If your text consists of more than one word, use the following character as separators:
A Underscore
B Comma
C Question mark
D Space
a
25.The group box text cannot be changed dynamically.
True
False
B
26. The subscreen call must occur before the function module call.
True
False
B
27. To program a tabstrip control to scroll locally at the frontend, you must call all subscreens from the flow logic.
True
False

A
28. The following attributes contain information about the properties of the entire table control, such as the number of fixed columns:
A Column
B General
C Special
D Row
B
29. In order to display the current screen, include the ABAP statement SUPRESS DIALOG in a PBO module.
True
False
B
30 For which of the following predefined data types should you use the original variants of the standard string processing statements or the optional addition IN CHARACTER MODE?
A D
B C
C X
D T
E N
F STRING
G XSTRING
Answer: A, B, D, E, F
31 . Which of the following statements are correct?
A Sorted tables can only contain non-unique keys.
B Standard tables can only contain non-unique keys.
C Sorted and hashed tables are index tables.
D Standard tables are index tables.
E The standard key is the key of a standard table.
F The standard key always contains all components of the row type.
Answer: B, D
32 . Generic types are type definitions that are missing certain information. These missing type attributes are inherited from an actual parameter at runtime if you use the generic type for typing interface parameters.
True
False
Answer: False
33 . Which of the following statements are correct?
A Only key access works with hashed tables.
B Key access means that the search clause may only appear in the key fields of the internal table.
C Index access allows access using the row number.
D Single-record key access using READ TABLE can return several data records if you are using standard tables, because then the key is always non-unique.
E The SORT statement can sort standard tables.
F If you use INSERT ... INTO TABLE to insert a data record into a sorted table with a unique key, this will only work if the internal table contains no other data record with the same combination of values for the key components. Otherwise, the SY-SUBRC return value will be set to a number other than 0.
Answer: A, C, E, F

34. SAP recommends using internal tables without header lines to make the syntax easier to read. This is particularly helpful with nested internal tables.
True
False
Answer: True

35. Which of the following statements are correct?
A As far as possible, when you use key access, the runtime system always chooses the fastest possible variant, depending on the table kind.
B Hashed tables should not be used if you need to make many changes when you are accessing data.
C You can save lots of runtime by using field symbols and references, especially with nested internal tables.
D Binary searching is possible for standard tables.
E The fastest form of access in loop processing is usually through the row number.
Answer: A, B, C, E
36. The object-oriented programming model was developed considerably later than the procedural one. It offers more possibilities to solve problems that previously could not be solved with purely procedural programming languages.
True
False
Answer: False
37. If you copy a subclass reference to a reference variable that is typed on the superclass (narrowing cast), which components can you access with this reference variable?
A Redefined components of the superclass
B Newly defined components of the subclass
C Inherited components of the superclass
D Redefined components of the subclass
Answer: A, C
38. If a reference variable that is typed on an interface contains an instance reference of a class that implements this interface and you copy this to a reference variable that is typed on the class (widening cast), which of the following components can you access with this reference variable?
A The components of the interface
B The components from the class that are not defined on the interface
C All components of the class
D The components of the interface for which alias names have been defined
Answer: A, B, C, D
39 . If you copy an instance reference of a class, which implements an interface, to a reference variable that is typed on the interface (narrowing cast), what components can you access using this reference variable?
A The components of the interface
B The components of the class that are not defined in the interface
C All components of the class
D The components of the interface for which alias names have been defined
Answer: A
40. For a user to be able to execute an object-oriented program, you always need to supply a module pool program or a function group program. Otherwise, there is nowhere for the CREATE OBJECT statement to create the instance.
True
False
Answer: False
41. Which of the following statements are correct?
A A non-abstract class can contain abstract methods.
B An abstract class contains no implementations.
C An abstract method contains no implementations.
D Final classes cannot be superclasses within a class hierarchy.
E A final method must be redefined.
F Final classes can contain non-final methods.
G A friend of a class is also a friend of its subclasses.
H The subclasses of a class's friend are also the class's friend.
I The visibility of an instance constructor can be limited.
J A private instance constructor (instantiation only by the class itself) can be defined in the private section.
Answer: C, D, H, I
42. The new exception concept replaces the old one. Thus, all old source code sections must be rewritten. As of SAP Web AS 6.20, function modules from the SAP standard system automatically raise object-oriented exceptions.
True
False
Answer: False
43. The new exception classes can only be defined globally. This ensures central maintenance and reuse.
True
False
Answer: False
44 . The pushbuttons screen area gives a short introduction of the QuickViewer with links to the online documentation.
True
False
Answer: False
45. List fields once placed in trash can, can be retrieved.
True
False
Answer: True
46. You can access all the events of an executable ABAP program associated with a query.
True
False
Answer: False
47. The SELECT-OPTIONS statement generates an internal table with a standard structure. The fields of this table are:
A Sign
B Option
C High
D Interval
Answer: A, B, C
48 . You can delete an InfoSet whenever you want.
True
False
Answer: False
49. What are the two options available for menu enhancements?
A Customer exits
B Menu entries
C Business add-ins
D Standard Menu
Answer: A, C
50 .Screen exits are a type of customer exit.
True
False

Answer: True
51. From SAP Web Application Server 6.20 onwards, Business Add-Ins cannot contain screen exits.
True
False
Answer: False
52. Customizing includes cannot be inserted into more than one table.
True
False
Answer: False
53. Identify the step that is not followed for creating an SAP enhancement project.
A Create an enhancement project and then choose the SAP enhancements that you want to use.
B Analyze the program source code or the screen source code.
C Edit your individual components using the project management function and document the entire enhancement project.
D Activate the enhancement project. This activates all the project’s component parts
Answer: B
54. When an event is triggered in a process interface, only one external process can replace the process in the standard program.
True
False
Answer: True
55. What are the requirements for new enhancement techniques?
A Reusable
B All enhancement types
C Administration level
D Customer exits
E Implemented using the latest technology
Answer: A, B, C, E
56. You can create function codes only for single use BAdIs, which must not be filter-dependent.
True
False
Answer: True
57.To include function codes in a BAdI definition, you enter the program name, function code, and a short description on the relevant tab page.
True
False
Answer: True
58. To provide a screen enhancement using a BAdI, you need to first generate the BAdI class.
True
False
Answer: True
59.The implementing program gets the data from the Add-In class by calling the appropriate interface method.
True
False
Answer: True
60. You can modify the ABAP Dictionary objects that belong to the core of your system.
True
False
Answer: False

61. When you define a Business Add-In, the system generates a Business Add-In class.
True
False
Answer: True
62. Using data elements, structures and table types, you can create complex user-defined type.
True
False
Answer: True
63. Foreign key definitions are imparted from include to the including table.
True
False
Answer: True
64. The records of a buffered table are read directly from the local buffer of the application server.
True
False
Answer: True
1. 65. Select the statement that is NOT correct.
A The object lists created by the Repository Information System are entirely integrated in the ABAP Workbench.
B The Where-used list for Repository objects cannot be called from the information system.
C The information system enables you to search for objects by their attributes.
D You can search for all objects by the development class, short description or author, and date of last change.
Answer: B
66. Correct access by ABAP programs to a database table is only possible if the runtime object of the table is consistent with the structure of the table in the database.
True
False
Answer: True
67.Even if a table has no data, it is retained in the database.
True
False
Answer: False
68.During conversion, the tables are locked to prevent further structural changes from being made before the conversion is completed correctly.
True
False
Answer: True
69 . Maintenance views may be used as the selection method for search helps.
True
False
Answer: False
70. Which feature of SAPscript enables it to run on all front-end applications supported by SAP?
A Multilingual capability
B High performance when printing large quantities
C Uniform corporate design in documents
D Word processing scalability
E SAP R/3 Enterprise transport and translation connections
F Platform independence
Answer: F
71. Main windows cannot have different heights and cannot be positioned differently on pages where they appear.
True
False
Answer: False
72.Which sub-objects allow you to structure pages in SAPscript?
A Page layout
B Paragraph formats
C Character formats
D Windows
Answer: A, B, C
73. Which operations are performed using control commands?
A Including text in a document
B Assigning values to text symbols
C Starting or suppressing a page break
D Resetting outline paragraphs
E Evaluating conditions
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
74. Which command is used to print text elements in form windows?
A CONTROL_FORM
B DELETE_FORM
C MODIFY_FORM
D WRITE_FORM
Answer: D
75. The function module OPEN_FORM initializes form printing in a print program. Before using START_FORM in a print program for the first time, you must call OPEN_FORM.
True
False
Answer: True
76. SAP does not simultaneously support SAPscript forms and SAP Smart forms. As a result, you need to migrate SAPscript forms to SAP Smart forms.
True
False
Answer: False
77. Packages have the same attributes as development classes, but also possess additional options suitable to modeling techniques.
True
False

Answer: True
78. A form page can be used only once in a document.
True
False
Answer: False
79. Which of the following options specifies that the text of the second node begins in a new line and the two text nodes are completely independent of each other?
A New Line
B New Paragraph
C Append Directly
D Include Text
Answer: B
80. Identify the parameters of a generated function module or a form interface.
A Import
B Export
C Global Data
D Tables
Answer: A, B, D

posted @ 2009-04-12 22:53 高岭的天空阅读(727) | 评论 (0) | 编辑收藏

10 Best Practices to Be a Successful SAP ABAP Developer