在一般的软件开发中，组织是基于项目，产品或两者兼有。
In general software development organizations are project based, product based and both.
通常，测试组被划分为更小的组以支持多个项目。
Generally, Test group is divided into smaller groups to support multiple projects.
基于测试组的结构，测试人员的背景（功能和技术能力），组织的成熟度，所测产品的质量等等，主要有三种在组织中定位测试自动化服务的方法。
There are mainly three ways of positioning test automation services in an organization based on the construction of a test group, background of the testers (Functional & Technical abilities), maturity of the organization, Quality of the products under test etc.
没有哪一个模型比其他的模型更出众，它们中的每一个都有其自身的利弊。这完全取决于你的具体情况和需要。。。
No model is superior to the other, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. It all depends on your situation and needs…
1
．
独立式
Independent
2
．
合并式
Merged
3
．
顾问式
Consultancy
让我们看看上述的那些模型并分析它们的错综复杂之处及其利弊。
Let us look at the above-mentioned models and analyze intricacies of those models, advantages and disadvantages.
Independent:
在这个场景中，一个‘核心的测试自动化组’拥有为测试自动化项目全部生命周期活动的责任。这个小组要做从设计测试自动化包到巩固之前期间里的每件事情。
In this scenario there is a ‘core test automation group’ available which owns the responsibility for all the life cycle of activities of test automation project. This team does everything from the Design of the test automation suite till consolidation.
a.
优点
Advantages:
1.
清晰的责任和统一的方法
Clear responsibilities and uniform approach
2.
最适合‘维护型的测试’来帮助‘手工的回归测试’
Suits best for ‘Maintenance testing’ to assist ‘Manual Regression testing’
3.
最小化和‘手工测试人员’之间的协调
Minimal co-ordination with ‘Manual testing crew’
4.
集中测试自动化的活动
Centralization of test automation activities
5.
最适宜手工测试人员是纯粹的‘非技术’人员的情况
Suits well if the Manual testing crew is purely ‘Non-Technical’
b.
缺点
Disadvantages:
1.
开支太大
Overhead
2.
低‘品质’的测试套件（缺乏所测试产品的功能性和技术性知识）
Low ‘Quality’ test ware (Lack of Functional (or) Technical knowledge of the product under test)
3.
冗余（手工测试人员和核心测试自动化组都要同步有关所测应用程序的知识）
Redundancy (Synchronization of the knowledge of the application under test for both manual testing crew and core test automation group)
5.
在‘核心的测试自动化组’和‘手工测试人员’之间没有协同配合
No synergy between ‘core test automation group’ and ‘manual testing crew’
6.
需要强有力的管理支持以持续投资测试自动化
Demands strong management support for continuing investments in test automation
Merged:
在这个案例中，有一位专门的测试自动化工程师被分配到每个测试项目中和
'
手工测试人员
'
一起工作。
测试自动化工程师们散布在多个测试组里。手工测试工程师和测试自动化工程师共同分担着测试自动化项目的相关活动。
In this case there is a dedicated test automation engineer(s) allocated for each test project that works along with ‘manual testing crew’. Test automation engineers are spread over multiple test groups. Manual test engineer and Test Automation engineer share test automation project activities.
|
Phase
|
Manual Test Engineer
|
Test Automation Engineer
|
|
Design
|
Content of test suite
Test data
|
Technical architecture
Coding guidelines
|
|
Development
|
|
Realization of test automation scripts
Sample ‘test automation runs’
|
|
Execution
|
Analysis of the ‘test execution’ results
Inputs for improving test automation scripts
|
Running test automation scripts
|
|
Consolidation
|
Test automation user guide (Content of the test suite)
|
Packaging it with installer
Archiving
|
a.
优点
Advantages:
1.
通过共同分担工作量为尽力达到最高生产率的合作方式
Collaborative way of working for maximum productivity through workload sharing
2.
理想的协同合作
Perfect synergy
3.
能够做更多的事情
Ability to do more
4.
最适合将开发测试自动化包作为软件开发生命周期的一部分的情况
Suits best for developing test automation suites as a part of the software development life cycle
5.
自动化恰当内容的概率是很高的
Probability of automation the right content is high
b.
缺点
Disadvantages:
1.
沟通的结构
Communication structure
2.
强有力的合作
Strong cooperation
3.
不同的主人
‘Different’ owners
4.
不统一的方法
Non-uniform approach
5.
在测试脚本开发过程中的不一致
Inconsistency in the development of test scripts
6.
重新创造测试自动化知识的轮回
Re-inventing the wheel of test automation knowledge
Consultancy:
这个测试自动化服务的服务完全是基于
'
咨询
'
。
测试自动化组为测试自动化活动担任起了一个专家中心的角色。它负责给手工测试工程师培训关于测试工具，测试方法的知识并为执行和巩固活动提供基础设施。手工测试组是测试自动化项目的主人，并且对测试自动化项目的所有活动负责。
Services of test automation services are purely ‘consultancy’ based. Test automation group acts as an expert center for test automation activities. It is responsible for education manual test engineers about test tools, methodology and providing infrastructure for execution and consolidation. Manual testing group is the owner of the test automation project and is responsible for all the activities of test automation project.
a.
优点
Advantages:
1.
清晰的责任和角色
Clear responsibilities and roles
2.
最小限度的协作
Minimal co-ordination
3.‘Dedicated’ people available for sustaining knowledge about test automation
4.
最好地产出测试自动化包
Best of breed test automation suites
5.
统一的方法和测试套件的可重用性（如果适用的话）
Uniform approach and re-usability of the test ware (If applicable)
b.
缺点
Disadvantages:
1.
活动彼此之间不连接
Activities not geared up to each other
2.
强硬的合作
Strong cooperation
3.
手工测试人员在技术上是要可以胜任的
Manual testing crew is technically competent
4.
要求成熟的软件开发组织
Demands matured software development organization