一、数据库启动和关闭
启动：
1.startup ;  启动实例，打开数据库，启动数据库
2.startup mount;  启动实例，打开数据库
3.startup unmount; 启动实例
关闭：
1.shutdown normal; 处理用户提交的所有事务，等待用户退出连接后，关闭数据库、卸载数据库，关闭实例。在下次启动实例时，不做实例恢复操作。
2.shutdown immediate; 结束正在处理的SQL语句，回滚末提交事务、不等待用户退出正常连接。在下次启动实例时，做实例恢复操作。

二、停止online backup
1、杀进程，并在sm37中cancel;如果不行，还是停不掉的话在SQL下执行以下命令：alter tablespace PSAPQAS end backup;

三、删除不用的tablespace
1、SQL> DROP TABLESPACE PSAPROLL including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.
2、SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/system_1/system.data1
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_1/qas.data1
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_2/qas.data2
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_3/qas.data3
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_4/qas.data4
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_5/qas.data5
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_6/qas.data6
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_7/qas.data7
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_8/qas.data8
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_9/qas.data9
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_1/qas620.data1

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_2/qas620.data2
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_3/qas620.data3
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_4/qas620.data4
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_5/qas620.data5
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_6/qas620.data6
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_7/qas620.data7
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas620_8/qas620.data8
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas620_9/qas620.data9
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas620_10/qas620.data10
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas620_11/qas620.data11
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qasusr_1/qasusr.data1

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_10/qas.data10
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_11/qas.data11
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_12/qas.data12
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/system_2/system.data2
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_13/qas.data13
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_14/qas.data14
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_15/qas.data15
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_16/qas.data16
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_17/qas.data17
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_18/qas.data18
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_19/qas.data19

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_20/qas.data20
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_21/qas.data21
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_22/qas.data22
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_23/qas.data23
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_24/qas.data24
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_25/qas.data25
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_26/qas.data26
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_27/qas.data27
/oracle/QAS/sapdata4/qas_28/qas.data28
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_29/qas.data29
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_30/qas.data30

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_31/qas.data31
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_32/qas.data32
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_33/qas.data33
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_34/qas.data34
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_35/qas.data35
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_36/qas.data36
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_37/qas.data37
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_38/qas.data38
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_39/qas.data39
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_40/qas.data40
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_41/qas.data41

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_42/qas.data42
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_43/qas.data43
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_44/qas.data44
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_45/qas.data45
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_46/qas.data46
/oracle/QAS/sapdata1/qas_47/qas.data47
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_48/qas.data48
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_49/qas.data49
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_50/qas.data50
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_51/qas.data51
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_52/qas.data52

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata3/qas_53/qas.data53
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_54/qas.data54
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_55/qas.data55
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_56/qas.data56
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_57/qas.data57
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_58/qas.data58
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_59/qas.data59
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_60/qas.data60
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_61/qas.data61
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_62/qas.data62
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_63/qas.data63

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_64/qas.data64
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_65/qas.data65
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/qas_66/qas.data66
/oracle/QAS/sapdata2/undo_1/undo.data1

81 rows selected.
查看数据库要用的datafile.以上没有包括的datafile可以删除.