Multi-threading:

PHP was originally written for a multi-process environment (Apache) and is therefore most commonly used with the popular LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) platform. Under Windows, things work differently. Literally all of the Web Servers under Windows, including IIS and Apache, are multi-threaded, which means that a single process handles all concurrent clients. For PHP to run properly under a multithreaded server, it must be designed with Thread Safety in mind. Failure to do so will cause instability and may often result in unexpected crashes. To make things worse, a crash in a multithreaded environment will typically cause the entire Web Server to go down, as opposed to multi-process environment, where a typical crash will only affect one request and can generally go unnoticed.

Up until today, the only way to prevent PHP crashes on Windows was to run PHP as an external process to the Web Server via CGI.

CGI:

CGI stands for "Common Gateway Interface". CGI is a communication platform for a Web Server to speak with Web Server applications such as PHP. CGI was created as the standard interface for Web Server applications. Its main benefits are simplicity, language independence and most importantly - process isolation. This isolation prevents known bugs in PHP from crashing the Web Server. CGI also has some significant drawbacks - mainly performance. The CGI mechanism involves huge overhead resulting in poor performance caused by the initialization of a new PHP process for each request, and then its shuts down when the request is done.

Native Web Server Modules:

In response to the performance problems of CGI, several vendors have developed APIs for their servers. Well-known APIs are NSAPI from Netscape and ISAPI from Microsoft. The APIs enable PHP to run in the server process, which is persistent across all requests, saving initialization overhead. APIs are naturally used when PHP is run on a single process server, but that’s not the case for multi-threading servers. While parts of PHP were rewritten to make it thread-safe, the thread-safe version never matured to be as stable and as efficient as the multi-process version. In a nutshell, the smallest bug in PHP, one of its modules, or one of the 3rd party libraries that it uses, that causes one thread to become corrupted, can infiltrate all server threads and bring the entire server down. For that reason, implementing PHP on Windows using a native server plug-in (whether IIS or Apache) proved to be impractical, resulting in frequent, yet random crashes.

MIME TYPE 大全- -

Mime-Typ	Dateiendung(en)	Bedeutung
application/acad	*.dwg	AutoCAD-Dateien (nach NCSA)
application/applefile		AppleFile-Dateien
application/astound	*.asd *.asn	Astound-Dateien
application/dsptype	*.tsp	TSP-Dateien
application/dxf	*.dxf	AutoCAD-Dateien (nach CERN)
application/futuresplash	*.spl	Flash Futuresplash-Dateien
application/gzip	*.gz	GNU Zip-Dateien
application/listenup	*.ptlk	Listenup-Dateien
application/mac-binhex40	*.hqx	Macintosh Binär-Dateien
application/mbedlet	*.mbd	Mbedlet-Dateien
application/mif	*.mif	FrameMaker Interchange Format Dateien
application/msexcel	*.xls *.xla	Microsoft Excel Dateien
application/mshelp	*.hlp *.chm	Microsoft Windows Hilfe Dateien
application/mspowerpoint	*.ppt *.ppz *.pps *.pot	Microsoft Powerpoint Dateien
application/msword	*.doc *.dot	Microsoft Word Dateien
application/octet-stream	*.bin *.exe *.com *.dll *.class	Ausführbare Dateien
application/oda	*.oda	Oda-Dateien
application/pdf	*.pdf	Adobe PDF-Dateien
application/postscript	*.ai *.eps *.ps	Adobe Postscript-Dateien
application/rtc	*.rtc	RTC-Dateien
application/rtf	*.rtf	Microsoft RTF-Dateien
application/studiom	*.smp	Studiom-Dateien
application/toolbook	*.tbk	Toolbook-Dateien
application/vocaltec-media-desc	*.vmd	Vocaltec Mediadesc-Dateien
application/vocaltec-media-file	*.vmf	Vocaltec Media-Dateien
application/x-bcpio	*.bcpio	BCPIO-Dateien
application/x-compress	*.z	-Dateien
application/x-cpio	*.cpio	CPIO-Dateien
application/x-csh	*.csh	C-Shellscript-Dateien
application/x-director	*.dcr *.dir *.dxr	-Dateien
application/x-dvi	*.dvi	DVI-Dateien
application/x-envoy	*.evy	Envoy-Dateien
application/x-gtar	*.gtar	GNU tar-Archiv-Dateien
application/x-hdf	*.hdf	HDF-Dateien
application/x-httpd-php	*.php *.phtml	PHP-Dateien
application/x-javascript	*.js	serverseitige JavaScript-Dateien
application/x-latex	*.latex	Latex-Quelldateien
application/x-macbinary	*.bin	Macintosh Binärdateien
application/x-mif	*.mif	FrameMaker Interchange Format Dateien
application/x-netcdf	*.nc *.cdf	Unidata CDF-Dateien
application/x-nschat	*.nsc	NS Chat-Dateien
application/x-sh	*.sh	Bourne Shellscript-Dateien
application/x-shar	*.shar	Shell-Archiv-Dateien
application/x-shockwave-flash	*.swf *.cab	Flash Shockwave-Dateien
application/x-sprite	*.spr *.sprite	Sprite-Dateien
application/x-stuffit	*.sit	Stuffit-Dateien
application/x-supercard	*.sca	Supercard-Dateien
application/x-sv4cpio	*.sv4cpio	CPIO-Dateien
application/x-sv4crc	*.sv4crc	CPIO-Dateien mit CRC
application/x-tar	*.tar	tar-Archivdateien
application/x-tcl	*.tcl	TCL Scriptdateien
application/x-tex	*.tex	TEX-Dateien
application/x-texinfo	*.texinfo *.texi	TEXinfo-Dateien
application/x-troff	*.t *.tr *.roff	TROFF-Dateien (Unix)
application/x-troff-man	*.man *.troff	TROFF-Dateien mit MAN-Makros (Unix)
application/x-troff-me	*.me *.troff	TROFF-Dateien mit ME-Makros (Unix)
application/x-troff-ms	*.me *.troff	TROFF-Dateien mit MS-Makros (Unix)
application/x-ustar	*.ustar	tar-Archivdateien (Posix)
application/x-wais-source	*.src	WAIS Quelldateien
application/x-www-form-urlencoded		HTML-Formulardaten an CGI
application/zip	*.zip	ZIP-Archivdateien
audio/basic	*.au *.snd	Sound-Dateien
audio/echospeech	*.es	Echospeed-Dateien
audio/tsplayer	*.tsi	TS-Player-Dateien
audio/voxware	*.vox	Vox-Dateien
audio/x-aiff	*.aif *.aiff *.aifc	AIFF-Sound-Dateien
audio/x-dspeeh	*.dus *.cht	Sprachdateien
audio/x-midi	*.mid *.midi	MIDI-Dateien
audio/x-mpeg	*.mp2	MPEG-Dateien
audio/x-pn-realaudio	*.ram *.ra	RealAudio-Dateien
audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin	*.rpm	RealAudio-Plugin-Dateien
audio/x-qt-stream	*.stream	-Dateien
audio/x-wav	*.wav	Wav-Dateien
drawing/x-dwf	*.dwf	Drawing-Dateien
image/cis-cod	*.cod	CIS-Cod-Dateien
image/cmu-raster	*.ras	CMU-Raster-Dateien
image/fif	*.fif	FIF-Dateien
image/gif	*.gif	GIF-Dateien
image/ief	*.ief	IEF-Dateien
image/jpeg	*.jpeg *.jpg *.jpe	JPEG-Dateien
image/tiff	*.tiff *.tif	TIFF-Dateien
image/vasa	*.mcf	Vasa-Dateien
image/vnd.wap.wbmp	*.wbmp	Bitmap-Dateien (WAP)
image/x-freehand	*.fh4 *.fh5 *.fhc	Freehand-Dateien
image/x-portable-anymap	*.pnm	PBM Anymap Dateien
image/x-portable-bitmap	*.pbm	PBM Bitmap Dateien
image/x-portable-graymap	*.pgm	PBM Graymap Dateien
image/x-portable-pixmap	*.ppm	PBM Pixmap Dateien
image/x-rgb	*.rgb	RGB-Dateien
image/x-windowdump	*.xwd	X-Windows Dump
image/x-xbitmap	*.xbm	XBM-Dateien
image/x-xpixmap	*.xpm	XPM-Dateien
message/external-body		Nachricht mit externem Inhalt
message/http		HTTP-Headernachricht
message/news		Newsgroup-Nachricht
message/partial		Nachricht mit Teilinhalt
message/rfc822		Nachricht nach RFC 1822
model/vrml	*.wrl	Visualisierung virtueller Welten
multipart/alternative		mehrteilige Daten gemischt
multipart/byteranges		mehrteilige Daten mit Byte-Angaben
multipart/digest		mehrteilige Daten / Auswahl
multipart/encrypted		mehrteilige Daten verschlüsselt
multipart/form-data		mehrteilige Daten aus HTML-Formular (z.B. File-Upload)
multipart/mixed		mehrteilige Daten gemischt
multipart/parallel		mehrteilige Daten parallel
multipart/related		mehrteilige Daten / verbunden
multipart/report		mehrteilige Daten / Bericht
multipart/signed		mehrteilige Daten / bezeichnet
multipart/voice-message		mehrteilige Daten / Sprachnachricht
text/comma-separated-values	*.csv	komma-separierte Datendateien
text/css	*.css	CSS Stylesheet-Dateien
text/html	*.htm *.html *.shtml	-Dateien
text/javascript	*.js	JavaScript-Dateien
text/plain	*.txt	reine Textdateien
text/richtext	*.rtx	Richtext-Dateien
text/rtf	*.rtf	Microsoft RTF-Dateien
text/tab-separated-values	*.tsv	tabulator-separierte Datendateien
text/vnd.wap.wml	*.wml	WML-Dateien (WAP)
application/vnd.wap.wmlc	*.wmlc	WMLC-Dateien (WAP)
text/vnd.wap.wmlscript	*.wmls	WML-Scriptdateien (WAP)
application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc	*.wmlsc	WML-Script-C-dateien (WAP)
text/xml-external-parsed-entity		extern geparste XML-Dateien
text/x-setext	*.etx	SeText-Dateien
text/x-sgml	*.sgm *.sgml	SGML-Dateien
text/x-speech	*.talk *.spc	Speech-Dateien
video/mpeg	*.mpeg *.mpg *.mpe	MPEG-Dateien
video/quicktime	*.qt *.mov	Quicktime-Dateien
video/vnd.vivo	*viv *.vivo	Vivo-Dateien
video/x-msvideo	*.avi	Microsoft AVI-Dateien
video/x-sgi-movie	*.movie	Movie-Dateien
workbook/formulaone	*.vts *.vtts	FormulaOne-Dateien
x-world/x-3dmf	*.3dmf *.3dm *.qd3d *.qd3	3DMF-Dateien
x-world/x-vrml	*.wrl	VRML-Dateien

所有资源来源于网络.本文可以任意修改,转载,复制...

首先,准备好软件包:
  最新的Apache,MySQL和PHP可以去相对的官方网站去下载,也可以去 http://www.phpchina.cn/bbs/forumdisplay.php?fid=24 下载,下载到/tmp/src/目录下:

MySQL5:     http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.0/mysql-5.0.16.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/mysql/    

   PHP5.1.1:      http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.1.1.tar.bz2/from/cn.php.net/mirror  

  Apache2.0.55:   http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/apache/httpd/httpd-2.0.55.tar.gz  

  GD Library:    http://www.boutell.com/gd/http/gd-2.0.33.tar.gz   

   Zlib:              http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz 

  libpng :          http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/libpng/libpng-1.2.8-config.tar.gz?download 

  Jpeg v6b:       http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz    

 FreeType2:     http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/freetype/freetype-2.1.10.tar.gz 

如果连Debian都没有的话,可以去这里下载: http://www.phpchina.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=1335&extra=page%3D1

所有操作都是以root用户来进行的.
 解压:
 对于*.tar.gz的文件使用命令tar zxvf *.tar.gz来解压;
 对于*.tar.bz2的文件使用命令tar jxvf *.tar.bz2来解压.
 将mysql,php,apache以及gd安装到/opt/目录下,便于管理.
 编译安装MySQL:
 进入到解压后的mysql目录,在终端输入下面的命令:

./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql --with-mysqld-user=beinan --with-extra-charsets=all --with-unix-socket-path=/opt/mysql/var/mysql.sock 

    --prefix=/opt/mysql 把mysql-4.0.16指定安装到/opt/mysql目录中；
    --with-extra-charsets=all 对多语言的支持；
    --with-unix-socket-path=/opt/mysql/var/mysql.sock 这个是指定mysql服务器启动后，联机套接字文件所处的位置和文件名，也就是说，如果mysql服务器成功启动后，就能在/opt/mysql/var目录中看到mysql.sock文件。如果看不到，肯定是mysql启动不了。
    --with-mysqld-user=username 这个是让mysql服务器也能让系统中普通用户username也能启动mysql服务器。用普通用户来启动mysql的好处是：mysql的进程会自己死掉自动退出。当然root用户也可以，不过有时mysql有些进程死了，但不会自动退出，root自己也杀不掉。所以用普通用户就有这样的好处，大多不会出现mysql进程已死，但不会退出的情况；

make
make install

现在MySQL已经安装完毕了.剩下的就是配置了.
 配置MySQL:(以下操作都是以root执行)
 输入命令:

cp /opt/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

 是将配置文件拷贝到/etc目录下成为my.cnf,大家可以根据自己的需要选择配置文件(配置文件在/opt/mysql/share/mysql/目录下,有my-huge.cnf my-medium.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf这些).
 运行

/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db

 这个命令是创建MySQL的授权表.

 chmod 755 /opt/mysql/var     //设置/opt/mysql/var的目录权限为755
 chown -R username:username /opt/mysql/var  //如果希望使用username这个用户来启动mysql的话
 /opt/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server start      //启动mysql服务
 chown -R username:username /opt/mysql/      //把/opt/mysql目录归属到username这个用户下
 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456  //设置root用户的密码为123456

 编译安装Apache
 进入解压后的apache文件夹.在终端输入:

./configure --prefix=/opt/apache --enable-track-vars --enable-cgi --with-config-file-path=/opt/apache/conf

   我大多是采用默认的配制.

--prefix=/opt/apache 指定把apahce安装到/opt/apache目录中；
--enable-cgi 支持CGI；
--with-config-file-path=/opt/apache/conf 指定把apache的配制文件放在/opt/apache/conf中；比如httpd.conf配制文件就在这个目录中；
--enable-track-vars 为启动cookie的get/post等追踪功能

 编译安装:

make
make install

安装完成后，会在/opt/目录下生成/opt/apache
启动apache守护进程:

/opt/apache/bin/apachectl start 

打开浏览器，输入 http://localhost 就能看到一个apache的欢迎页面了，这表示我们已经成功解决了apache的安装。

 配制apache

配制文件是/opt/apache/conf/httpd.conf
编译安装的apache默认存放主页的位置应该是/opt/apache/htdocs
这个目录。
在httpd.conf中比较重要的几项:

ServerRoot "/opt/apache"

这是ServerRoot指定apache程序所在的的目录，比如日志文件、配制文件等目录.

Listen 80

apache 默认端口80

ServerAdmin root@localhost

在这里，把管理员的信箱放上去

#ServerName new.host.name:80 

前面有#号就是注销掉了,设置主机名.

DocumentRoot "/opt/apache/htdocs" 

这个是存放网页的目录，也就是说，我们应该把网页的目录指定到哪里，这样当访问网址时，就调用这个目录的文件.

<Directory "/opt/apache/htdocs">

这句应该和DocumentRoot 的目录保持一致。

#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride None

#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Order allow,deny
Allow from all

</Directory>

AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-1

这句是指定网页的默认语言的，如果网页出乱中文乱码，应该改AddDefaultCharset 后面的值为GB2312。也就是改成下面这样的。

找到下面的一行在后面加上index.php ，让网站的默认页是index.php也行；

DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.php

找到

#AddType application/x-tar .tgz

这行，在下面加一行。前面不要加#号。

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

配制好后，我们就重启apache后,对那个存放网页的目录执行:

chmod 755 目录名
chmod -R 755  目录名

然后就重启apache的守护进程httpd

/opt/apache/bin/apachectl restart

在浏览器的地址栏中输入localhost或者127.0.0.1,这样应该能看到页面了吧。

如果是通过root用户，或者其它用户把相应的网站文件复制到网站存放的目录下的，要改变网站存放目录中所有文件的权限，就是上面所说的chmod -R 755 目录名.

 编译安装PHP:
 zlib:
  进入解压后的zlib目录.在终端执行以下命令:

./configure
make
make install 

 freetype:
  进入解压后的freetype目录,在终端执行以下命令:

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make
make install 

 libpng:
  进入解压后的libpng目录,在终端执行以下命令:

./configure
make
make test
make install

 jpeg-6b:
  进入解压后的jpeg-6b目录,在终端执行以下命令:               

mkdir /usr/local/jpeg                    
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/bin
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/lib
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/include
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/man
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/man/man1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg --enable-shared --enable-static
make
make install 

 GD Library:
  进入解压后的gd目录,在终端执行以下命令:(注意不要空行)

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype --with-png --with-zlib

make
make install

 PHP:
  进入解压后的gd目录,在终端执行以下命令:(不要空行)

./configure --prefix=/opt/php --with-apxs2=/opt/httpd/bin/apxs --with-gd=/usr/local/gd --enable-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg 
--with-png --with-ttf --with-zlib --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --enable-magic-quotes --with-mysql=/opt/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/opt/mysql/var/mysql.sock  --with-iconv --with-mbstring --enable-mbstring --enable-track-vars --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-ftp --with-config-file-path=/opt/php/etc --with-pear=/server/php/pear
make
make install 

 复制php.ini-dist为php.ini，并存放到/opt/php/etc/目录下.
 编辑/opt/php/etc/php.ini文件，找到如下的一行

;default_charset = "iso-8859-1"

 在这行下面加一行

default_charset = "gb2312"

 ok,现在在httpd.conf指定的网页目录下新建index.php,输入

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

保存,在浏览其中输入localhost,应该能正常显示了吧.