附：NTSD 中所附的帮助文件

usage: ntsd [-?] [-2] [-d] [-g] [-G] [-myob] [-lines] [-n] [-o] [-s] [-v] [-w] [-r BreakErrorLevel] [-t PrintErrorLevel] [-hd] [-pd] [-pe] [-pt #] [-pv] [-x | -x{e|d|n|i} ] [-- | -p pid | -pn name | command-line | -z CrashDmpFile] [-zp CrashPageFile] [-premote transport] [-robp] [-aDllName] [-c "command"] [-i ImagePath] [-y SymbolsPath] [-clines #] [-srcpath SourcePath] [-QR \\machine] [-wake ] [-remote transport:server=name,portid] [-server transport:portid] [-ses] [-sfce] [-sicv] [-snul] [-noio] [-failinc] [-noshell] where: -? displays this help text command-line is the command to run under the debugger -- is the same as -G -g -o -p -1 -d -pd -aDllName sets the default extension DLL -c executes the following debugger command -clines number of lines of output history retrieved by a remote client -failinc causes incomplete symbol and module loads to fail -d sends all debugger output to kernel debugger via DbgPrint -d cannot be used with debugger remoting -d can only be used when the kernel debugger is enabled -g ignores initial breakpoint in debuggee -G ignores final breakpoint at process termination -hd specifies that the debug heap should not be used for created processes. This only works on Windows Whistler. -o debugs all processes launched by debuggee -p pid specifies the decimal process Id to attach to -pd specifies that the debugger should automatically detach -pe specifies that any attach should be to an existing debug port -pn name specifies the name of the process to attach to -pt # specifies the interrupt timeout -pv specifies that any attach should be noninvasive -r specifies the (0-3) error level to break on (SeeSetErrorLevel) -robp allows breakpoints to be set in read-only memory -t specifies the (0-3) error level to display (SeeSetErrorLevel) -w specifies to debug 16 bit applications in a separate VDM -x sets second-chance break on AV exceptions -x{e|d|n|i} sets the break status for the specified event -2 creates a separate console window for debuggee -i ImagePath specifies the location of the executables that generated the fault (see _NT_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE_PATH) -lines requests that line number information be used if present -myob ignores version mismatches in DBGHELP.DLL -n enables verbose output from symbol handler -noio disables all I/O for dedicated remoting servers -noshell disables the .shell (!!) command -QR <\\machine> queries for remote servers -s disables lazy symbol loading -ses enables strict symbol loading -sfce fails critical errors encountered during file searching -sicv ignores the CV record when symbol loading -snul disables automatic symbol loading for unqualified names -srcpath specifies the source search path -v enables verbose output from debugger -wake wakes up a sleeping debugger and exits -y specifies the symbol search path (see _NT_SYMBOL_PATH) -z specifies the name of a crash dump file to debug -zp specifies the name of a page.dmp file to use with a crash dump -remote lets you connect to a debugger session started with -server must be the first argument if present transport: tcp | npipe | ssl | spipe | 1394 | com name: machine name on which the debug server was created portid: id of the port the debugger server was created on for tcp use: port= for npipe use: pipe= for 1394 use: channel= for com use: port=,baud=, channel= for ssl and spipe see the documentation example: ... -remote npipe:server=yourmachine,pipe=foobar -server creates a debugger session other people can connect to must be the first argument if present transport: tcp | npipe | ssl | spipe | 1394 | com portid: id of the port remote users can connect to for tcp use: port= for npipe use: pipe= for 1394 use: channel= for com use: port=,baud=, channel= for ssl and spipe see the documentation example: ... -server npipe:pipe=foobar -premote transport specifies the process server to connect to transport arguments are given as with remoting Environment Variables: _NT_SYMBOL_PATH=[Drive:][Path] Specify symbol image path. _NT_ALT_SYMBOL_PATH=[Drive:][Path] Specify an alternate symbol image path. _NT_DEBUGGER_EXTENSION_PATH=[Drive:][Path] Specify a path which should be searched first for extensions dlls _NT_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE_PATH=[Drive:][Path] Specify executable image path. _NT_SOURCE_PATH=[Drive:][Path] Specify source file path. _NT_DEBUG_LOG_FILE_OPEN=filename If specified, all output will be written to this file from offset 0. _NT_DEBUG_LOG_FILE_APPEND=filename If specified, all output will be APPENDed to this file. _NT_DEBUG_HISTORY_SIZE=size Specifies the size of a server's output history in kilobytes Control Keys: Quit debugger Break into Target Force a break into debuggee (same as Ctrl-C) Debug Current debugger Toggle Verbose mode Print version information ntsd: exiting - press enter ---